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Design and simulation of a standing wave oscillator based PLL

Wei ZHANG,You-de HU,Li-rong ZHENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第17卷第3期页码 258-264 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1500210

摘要： A standing wave oscillator (SWO) is a perfect clock source which can be used to produce a high frequency clock signal with a low skew and high reliability. However, it is difficult to tune the SWO in a wide range of frequencies. We introduce a frequency tunable SWO which uses an inversion mode metal-oxide-semiconductor (IMOS) field-effect transistor as a varactor, and give the simulation results of the frequency tuning range and power dissipation. Based on the frequency tunable SWO, a new phase locked loop (PLL) architecture is presented. This PLL can be used not only as a clock source, but also as a clock distribution network to provide high quality clock signals. The PLL achieves an approximately 50% frequency tuning range when designed in Global Foundry 65 nm 1P9M complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology, and can be used directly in a high performance multi-core microprocessor.

关键词： Standing wave oscillator (SWO) Clock distribution Phase locked loop (PLL) Varactor

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Electrospun porous carbon nanofibers derived from bio-based phenolic resins as free-standing electrodes

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第5期页码 504-515 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2260-1

摘要： Phenolic resins were employed to prepare electrospun porous carbon nanofibers with a high specific surface area as free-standing electrodes for high-performance supercapacitors. However, the sustainable development of conventional phenolic resin has been challenged by petroleum-based phenol and formaldehyde. Lignin with abundant phenolic hydroxyl groups is the main non-petroleum resource that can provide renewable aromatic compounds. Hence, lignin, phenol, and furfural were used to synthesize bio-based phenolic resins, and the activated carbon nanofibers were obtained by electrospinning and one-step carbonization activation. Fourier transform infrared and differential scanning calorimetry were used to characterize the structural and thermal properties. The results reveal that the apparent activation energy of the curing reaction is 89.21 kJ·mol^–1 and the reaction order is 0.78. The activated carbon nanofibers show a uniform diameter, specific surface area up to 1100 m²·g^–1, and total pore volume of 0.62 cm³·g^–1. The electrode demonstrates a specific capacitance of 238 F·g^–1 (0.1 A·g^–1) and good rate capability. The symmetric supercapacitor yields a high energy density of 26.39 W·h·kg^–1 at 100 W·kg^–1 and an excellent capacitance retention of 98% after 10000 cycles. These results confirm that the activated carbon nanofiber from bio-based phenolic resins can be applied as electrode material for high-performance supercapacitors.

关键词： lignin bio-based phenolic resins electrospinning activated carbon nanofibers supercapacitors

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A free-standing superhydrophobic film for highly efficient removal of water from turbine oil

Fan Shu, Meng Wang, Jinbo Pang, Ping Yu

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年第13卷第2期页码 393-399 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1754-3

摘要： A free-standing superhydrophobic film is prepared by sequentially dip-coating a commercially available filter paper with nano SiO suspension, epoxy emulsion, and octyltrimethoxysilane solution. A surface with micro- or nano-roughness is formed because SiO nanoparticles are uniformly and firmly adhered on the backbone of the filter paper by the cured epoxy resin. Furthermore, the surface energy is significantly reduced because of introducing octytrimethoxysilane. Such a surface structure makes the prepared film a superhydrophobic material. Due to its free-standing nature, this superhydrophobic film can be used to remove water from turbine oil by filtration. The efficiency of water removal is high (up to 94.1%), and the filtration process is driven solely by gravity without extra energy consumption. Because of the facile fabrication process and the high efficiency of water removal, this free-standing superhydrophobic film may find application in power industry.

关键词： superhydrophobicity nanoparticles dip coating epoxy emulsion turbine oil

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Push recovery for the standing under-actuated bipedal robot using the hip strategy

Chao LI,Rong XIONG,Qiu-guo ZHU,Jun WU,Ya-liang WANG,Yi-ming HUANG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第16卷第7期页码 579-593 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.14a0230

摘要： This paper presents a control algorithm for push recovery, which particularly focuses on the hip strategy when an external disturbance is applied on the body of a standing under-actuated biped. By analyzing a simplified dynamic model of a bipedal robot in the stance phase, it is found that horizontal stability can be maintained with a suitably controlled torque applied at the hip. However, errors in the angle or angular velocity of body posture may appear, due to the dynamic coupling of the translational and rotational motions. To solve this problem, different hip strategies are discussed for two cases when (1) external disturbance is applied on the center of mass (CoM) and (2) external torque is acting around the CoM, and a universal hip strategy is derived for most disturbances. Moreover, three torque primitives for the hip, depending on the type of disturbance, are designed to achieve translational and rotational balance recovery simultaneously. Compared with closed-loop control, the advantage of the open-loop methods of torque primitives lies in rapid response and reasonable performance. Finally, simulation studies of the push recovery of a bipedal robot are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.

关键词： Push recovery Balance control Bipedal robot Hip strategy

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Study on wave rotor refrigerators

Yuqiang DAI, Dapeng HU, Meixia DING

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第1期页码 83-87 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0075-y

摘要： As a novel generation of a rotational gas wave machine, the wave rotor refrigerator (WRR) is an unsteady flow device used for refrigeration, in whose passages pressured streams directly contact and exchange energy due to the movement of pressure waves. In this paper, the working mechanism and refrigeration principle are investigated based on the one-dimensional unsteady flow theory. A basic limitation on main structural parameters and operating parameters is deduced and the wave diagram of WRR to guide designing is sketched. The main influential factors are studied through an experiment. In the DUT Gas Wave Refrigeration Studying and Development Center (GWRSDC) lab, the isentropic efficiency can now reach about 65%. The results show that the WRR is a feasible and promising technology in pressured gas refrigeration cases.

关键词： wave rotor refrigeration unsteady flow theory wave diagram

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Prediction of the shear wave velocity

Amoroso SARA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第1期页码 83-92 doi: 10.1007/s11709-013-0234-6

摘要： The paper examines the correlations to obtain rough estimates of the shear wave velocity from non-seismic dilatometer tests (DMT) and cone penetration tests (CPT). While the direct measurement of is obviously preferable, these correlations may turn out useful in various circumstances. The experimental results at six international research sites suggest that the DMT predictions of from the parameters (material index), (horizontal stress index), (constrained modulus) are more reliable and consistent than the CPT predictions from (cone resistance), presumably because of the availability, by DMT, of the stress history index .

关键词： horizontal stress index shear wave velocity flat dilatometer test cone penetration test

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Lamb wave propagation modeling for structure health monitoring

Xiaoyue ZHANG, Shenfang YUAN, Tong HAO

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第4卷第3期页码 326-331 doi: 10.1007/s11465-009-0045-6

摘要： This study aims to model the propagation of Lamb waves used in structure health monitoring. A number of different numerical computational techniques have been developed for wave propagation studies. The local interaction simulation approach, used for modeling sharp interfaces and discontinuities in complex media (LISA/SIM theory), has been effectively applied to numerical simulations of elastic wave interaction. This modeling is based on the local interaction simulation approach theory and is finally accomplished through the finite elements software Ansys11. In this paper, the Lamb waves propagating characteristics and the LISA/SIM theory are introduced. The finite difference equations describing wave propagation used in the LISA/SIM theory are obtained. Then, an anisotropic metallic plate model is modeled and a simulating Lamb waves signal is loaded on. Finally, the Lamb waves propagation modeling is implemented.

关键词： Lamb wave modeling LISA/SIM theory finite difference equation finite element

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Calculating frictional force with considering material microstructure and potential on contact surfaces

XU Zhongming, HUANG Ping

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第2卷第4期页码 474-477 doi: 10.1007/s11465-007-0082-y

摘要： A method based on the energy dissipation mechanism of an Independent Oscillator model is used to calculate the frictional force and the friction coefficient of interfacial friction. The friction work is calculated with considering the potential change of contact surfaces during sliding. The potential change can be gained by a universal adhesive energy function. The relationships between frictional force and parameters of a tribo-system, such as surface energy and microstructure of interfacial material, are set up. The calculation results of the known experimental data denote that the frictional force is nearly proportional to the surface energy of the material, nearly inversely proportional to the scaling length, and independent of the lattice constant. The results agree with that of adhesion friction equations. They also agree with the experimental results performed with an atomic-force microscope under the ultra high vacuum condition.

关键词： coefficient dissipation mechanism universal adhesive interfacial Independent Oscillator

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A simple multi-wave algorithm for the uncapacitated facility location problem

Fred GLOVER, Saïd HANAFI, Oualid GUEMRI, Igor CREVITS

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第4期页码 451-465 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018038

摘要：

The multi-wave algorithm (Glover, 2016) integrates tabu search and strategic oscillation utilizing repeated waves (nested iterations) of constructive search or neighborhood search. We propose a simple multi-wave algorithm for solving the Uncapacitated Facility Location Problem (UFLP) to minimize the combined costs of selecting facilities to be opened and of assigning each customer to an opened facility in order to meet the customers’ demands. The objective is to minimize the overall cost including the costs of opening facilities and the costs of allocations. Our experimental tests on a standard set of benchmarks for this widely-studied class of problems show that our algorithm outperforms all previous methods.

关键词： discrete optimization UFLP multi-wave optimization strategic oscillation tabu search

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On subsurface box-shaped lined tunnel under incident SH-wave propagation

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第4期页码 948-960 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0740-x

摘要： In this paper, a half-plane time-domain boundary element method is applied to obtain the seismic ground response, including a subsurface box-shaped lined tunnel deployed in a linear homogenous elastic medium exposed to obliquely incident SH-waves. Only the boundary around the tunnel is required to be discretized. To prepare an appropriate model by quadratic elements, a double-node procedure is used to receive dual boundary fields at corners as well as change the direction of the normal vector. After encoding the method in a previously confirmed computer program, a numerical study is carried out to sensitize some effective parameters, including frequency content and incident wave angle for obtaining a surface response. The depth and impedance ratio of the lining are assumed to be unvaried. The responses are illustrated in the time and frequency domains as two/three-dimensional graphs. The results showed that subsurface openings with sharp corners distorted the propagation path of the anti-plane waves to achieve the critical states on the ground surface. The present approach can be proposed to civil engineers for preparing simple underground box-shaped models with angular boundaries.

关键词： box-lined tunnel half-plane BEM surface response SH-wave time-domain

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A simple method for evaluating liquefaction potential from shear wave velocity

Lianyang ZHANG,

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第2期页码 178-195 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0023-4

摘要： The simplified procedure using shear wave velocity measurements is increasingly used to evaluate the seismic liquefaction potential of soils. This procedure is based on finding the boundary separating the liquefaction and non-liquefaction cases through the analysis of liquefaction case histories, following the general format of the Seed-Idriss simplified procedure based on standard penetration test (SPT) data. It is noted that many assumptions have been made in the simplified procedure. This paper develops a simple method for evaluating the liquefaction potential of soils from shear wave velocity by using the optimum seeking method to directly analyze the liquefaction history data and quantify the influence of major factors affecting the liquefactions potential of soils. The factors considered are the earthquake magnitude, the vertical effective overburden stress, the shear wave velocity, the peak acceleration at the ground surface of the site, and the fines content of the soil. The most important factor has been identified as the shear wave velocity. The developed method uses the measured data directly and in a very simple way. Neither stress-correction of shear wave velocity nor calculation of cyclic shear stress as in the simplified procedure is required. Comparisons indicate that the developed simple method has a higher success rate for evaluating liquefaction potential of soils than the simplified procedure. A case study is presented to illustrate the application of the developed simple method and further confirms its accuracy.

关键词： liquefaction earthquake simple method shear wave velocity case history introduction

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波浪与外壁透空双筒柱的互相作用

滕斌,李玉成,孙路

《中国工程科学》 2001年第3卷第10期页码 41-47

摘要：

对于波浪与透空外壁同轴双筒柱的相互作用问题，利用速度势的特征函数展开式和透空壁内流体速度与两壁间压力差成正比的线性模型，建立了一个线性解析解。应用这一模型开展了数值实验，用以检验孔隙系数和透空部分大小以及内外柱径之比对双筒柱上波浪力和波面高度的影响。计算结果表明，外壁孔隙系数和透空部分大小对波面升高和波浪荷载有很大影响，通过调整各个系数，应用双筒透空柱可以减小周围的波面高度及其上的波浪荷载。

关键词：波浪绕射波浪力波面升高有孔建筑圆柱

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Analytical solution for SH wave propagating through a graded plate of metamaterial

Jinfeng ZHAO, Yongdong PAN, Zheng ZHONG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第6卷第3期页码 301-307 doi: 10.1007/s11465-011-0238-7

摘要：

A physical model for the shear horizontal (SH) wave propagating from left-handed material (LHM) through a graded or transition layer to right-handed material (RHM) has been proposed in this paper. After the comparison of the basic wave equations of the electromagnetic, longitudinal, and SH waves, it is found that they take similar differential form. The analytical solutions have been found for power law, hyperbolic, and polynomial profiles. Numerical waveforms of the amplitude and phase of the displacement are obtained for the corresponding profiles. It is found that the waveforms are symmetric for the power law and hyperbolic profiles, and that the waveform for the polynomial profile is shifted and non-symmetric. The shift along with the anti-symmetric profile may provide a way to monitor the wave behavior of the metamaterials.

关键词： left-handed material (LHM) metamaterial shear horizontal (SH) wave

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高能量密度爆炸与化学爆炸的物理特征及爆炸次生洪水波效应探讨

周丰峻

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第12期页码 45-51

摘要：

文章根据高能量密度爆炸的辐射流体动力学计算与TNT装药爆炸计算的结果，对二类爆炸波系的形成发展，爆炸近区、远区的物理特征和爆炸作用物理模拟问题进行了研究，得出了对防护工程比较重要的几点结论。同时对于同两类爆炸引起的次生洪水波灾害进行了探讨，阐明了系统开展洪水波防护研究的重要意义。

关键词：高能量密度爆炸化学焊炸冲击波洪水波

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A review on front end conversion in ocean wave energy converters

Nagulan SANTHOSH,Venkatesan BASKARAN,Arunachalam AMARKARTHIK

《能源前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第3期页码 297-310 doi: 10.1007/s11708-015-0370-x

摘要： Harvesting the energy from ocean waves is one of the greatest attractions for energy engineers and scientists. Till date, plenty of methods have been adopted to harvest the energy from the ocean waves. However, due to technological and economical complexity, it is intricate to involve the majority of these energy harvesters in the real ocean environment. Effective utilization and sustainability of any wave energy harvester depend upon its adaptability in the irregular seasonal waves, situation capability in maximum energy extraction and finally fulfilling the economic barriers. In this paper, the front end energy conversions are reviewed in detail which is positioned in the first stage of the wave energy converter among other stages such as power take off (PTO) and electrical energy conversion. If the recent development of these front end energy conversion is well known then developing wave energy converter with economic and commercial viability is possible. The aim of this review is to provide information on front end energy conversion of a point absorber and emphasize the strategies and calamity to be considered in designing such kinds of devices to improve the energy harvesting competence. This will be useful to the engineers for speeding up the development of a matured point absorbing type wave energy converter.

关键词： wave energy converter point absorbers power take off (PTO) front end energy conversion